Increasing Cultural Competence in the Field of...

â€Å"Raise your hand on the side that you hear the sound. Now open your mouth and stick out your tongue for me. Close it and then make an ooo sound, like a ghost.† This is what a brief clip of a speech and language evaluation might sound like if someone were to be observing. But imagine that the test that was just observed was over and now the clinician must speak to the parents; however, they can only speak to one: the father, due to the strict Muslim culture that the family comes from. What should be done since typically the most important person to inform is the mom and speaking to her is not acceptable? (Cara). This is a dilemma that a Missouri State University- Communication Sciences and Disorders, Speech and Language pathology graduate student recently encountered. One in which she was unprepared for because while Missouri State Communication Sciences and Disorders professors, teach students how to be aware of different cultures, they don’t necessarily teach stud ents how to handle them as they come. This lack of cultural competency poses a problem and in turn hinders a speech-language pathologist’s ability to provide equal, appropriate and accessible services for groups affected by speech and language impediments. Therefore, speech-language pathologists must increase their cultural competence in different cultures and be better prepared to provide services for patients who may not be primarily English speakers or hail from a different cultural background that is not asShow MoreRelatedSpeech : Increasing Communicative Competence3821 Words   |  16 PagesRunning head: INCREASING COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE 6 Running head: INCREASING COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE The Use of Emoticons to Increase Communicative Competence in Non-Fluent Aphasics. Amberlynn Fenner Loyola University Maryland The Use of Emoticons to Increase Communicative Competence for People with Aphasia. Language is an essential component of life that drives human interaction and facilitates social connections (Brown, Davidson, Worrall Read MoreAdvancing Effective Communicationcommunication, Cultural Competence, and Patient- and Family-Centered Care Quality Safety Equity53293 Words   |  214 PagesAdvancing Effective Communication, Cultural Competence, and Patient- and Family-Centered Care A Roadmap for Hospitals Quality Safety Equity A Roadmap for Hospitals Project Staff Amy Wilson-Stronks, M.P.P., Project Director, Health Disparities, Division of Quality Measurement and Research, The Joint Commission. Paul Schyve, M.D., Senior Vice President, The Joint Commission Christina L. Cordero, Ph.D., M.P.H., Associate Project Director, Division of Standards and Survey Methods, The JointRead MoreMulti-Skilling â€Å"Jack of All Trades Master of None?†3052 Words   |  13 Pagesthe medical field when this model is used and how the healthcare industry can implement this process to help it with downsizing and reorganization issues. My research found few studies that explicitly or specifically considered the affects of multi-skilling on the healthcare industry and its affects on patient care. Consequently, general management literature was reviewed with the aim of identifying the model used; generic issues and lessons learned that can be applied across the field of resourceRead MoreThesis About Call Center Agents14127 Words   |  57 Pagesunemployed graduates of nursing almost exclusively resort working for these companies. 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Nurses too are very capable of workingRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesAttempts Observer’s Feedback Form 321 321 6 MOTIVATING OTHERS 323 SKILL ASSESSMENT 324 Diagnostic Surveys for Motivating Others 324 Diagnosing Poor Performance and Enhancing Motivation Work Performance Assessment 325 SKILL LEARNING 326 Increasing Motivation and Performance 326 Diagnosing Work Performance Problems 326 Enhancing Individuals’ Abilities 328 Fostering a Motivating Work Environment 330 Elements of an Effective Motivation Program 331 Establish Clear Performance Expectations 332Read MoreMedical Tourism22177 Words   |  89 Pagessubstantial research on other health related markets such as wellness tourism has been completed (Eg. Goodrich and Goodrich, 1987, p217), little academic research has been done on this particular niche market beyond the exploratory stage. There is an increasing availability of literature in the mainstream media i.e. print, electronic media and the Internet, illustrating the growth for this form of tourism. However, the lack of academia interest in medical tourism both necessitates and validates this studyRe ad MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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Projects are the major tool for implementing and achieving the strategic goals of the organization. In the face of intense, worldwide competition, many organizations have reorganized around a philosophy of innovation, renewal, and organizational

Essay on The Question of Goverment - 1083 Words

The Question of Goverment There has been demanding controversies concerning how a successful government should be maintained. Many writers and politicians have written a great deal of political propaganda, including several documents that exhibit different opinions on how an organization, such as a government, or club should uphold laws, written or unwritten. Such documents include Lao Tzu’s, â€Å"Thoughts from the Tao-te Ching,† Niccolo Machiavelli’s â€Å"The Qualities of the Prince.† Although each of these works contain important advice, as time progresses circumstances often change, and with that comes new and effective ways to maintain an organization, government, etc.. More importantly, the documents represent the author’s opinion,†¦show more content†¦According to Machiavelli, A prince, therefore, must not have any other object nor another thought, nor must he take anything as his profession but war, its institutions, and its d iscipline; because that is the only profession which befits one who commands; and it is of such importance that not only does it maintain those who were born princes...† (35). In this, Machiavelli stresses the importance of being prepared for war other than the importance of all other aspects pertaining to governing. The positive side of running a government in a fashion such as this is the fact that a strong militia equals a strong government. A strong government has its commendable aspects. In such cases where a nation is facing a critical situation, whether or not it will survive strictly depends on the stability and power of the government. Despite the noble characteristics of a strong government, the question of how strong is too strong must be carefully examined. If we allow the government to have complete control over how we live our lives, what amount of individuality and consciousness would a person be permitted? Through a careful analyzing of present document s concerning issues such as this, a medium must be found to create a fair and effective government. In reference to the cruelty of war, Machiavelli writes, â€Å" But when the prince is with his armies and has under hisShow MoreRelatedIntergovernmental Organizations and Non-Goverment Organizations, Questions and Answers749 Words   |  3 Pages1. What differences exist between IGOs and NGOs (e.g. how can you tell them apart)? Non-governmental organization (NGO) is an organization of general interest and does not belong to the Government nor to an international institution. It does not prevent it from cooperating or receiving assistance and funding from governments, it was founded without active control of a national government and it is a not-for-profit organization and are involved in every major international issue. If the organizationRead MoreMulticulturalism: Need or Menace? Essay914 Words   |  4 Pagescountries which are the enforcer of oppressive regime it is impossible to talk about multicultiralist system. However, in the repressive countries multiculturalism is inevitable. It is not possible to keep away people from the world no matter how their goverment tries to prevent multiculturalism as a example of Iran. Even at the ancient Rome people used to live with the different cultures. Both economic and political order let people live in prosperity. They were show consideration eachother. In ever y countryRead MoreAbraham Lincoln s Speech On The Dred Scott Case863 Words   |  4 Pagessupport both sovereignty and the Dred Scott decision. Douglas made a fair argument trying to hold on to his chances in Illinois. In the debates Douglas took the offensive right away. He accused Lincoln of being an abolitionist because he said â€Å"This goverment cannot endure half slave and half free.† He also charged Abraham believing in racial equlity . Which of course President Lincoln protested that he was just twisting his words, which then caused Douglas to say that Lincoln changed positions to suitRead MoreThe Uk Would Benefit Greatly from the Wider Use of Referendums? Discuss.1067 Words   |  5 Pagesof direct democracy that involves a public vote on a single issue of public policy. It is a way of presenting a debated issue to public decision. The most recent referendum was in the UK; the 2014 Scottish Independence Referendum which asked the question whether Scotland should b reak away from the UK or not. There are a variety of arguments both for and against the wider use of referendum in the UK. The use was greatly favoured by Tony Blair and his new Labour government in 1997 because they tookRead More Hackers Essay3675 Words   |  15 Pagesdoing to you ‘’ and had under the image ‘’screwing you’’. The hackers have changed it and shown their views on the political system .Kevin Mitnick who broke into a North America Air Defence command computer , Kevin Paulsen who cracked goverment and milatary systems of America. Another major hack which was committed was by a 16 year old boy in Europe. This boy hacked into the British Airforce kaygusuz5 and downloaded confidential information on Ballistic missiles. Security expertsRead MoreSingle Person s Talent Or Effort Essay1179 Words   |  5 Pagesand pashudhan.In education it gives the info about education of a particular person of village so, many compenies use this info to appoint their employee.In pashudhan it gives the info about loan on pashudhan which is provided by many banks and goverment. This app also provide the gallary in which it include the photos videos of village and various festival celebrations like Ganesh chaturthi,Holi,Uttrayan,Navratri,janmastmi etc. M-village app also provide the E-Learning facilities in which we includeRead MoreReflective Reflection947 Words   |  4 Pagesquality of life possible. (Lakeland Health, 2016). Rehabilitation comes with many benefits such as reduced recovery time, acquisition of new life skills to help patients to manage their health condition, alternative pain management options etc. (Goverment of Western Australia Department of Health, 2017). My placement area deals with rehabilitation process. Rehabilitation consists of various aspects that in total helps the patient in recovering from their condition. Therefore, I decided to learn andRead MoreTourism in East Africa681 Words   |  3 Pageswhich in turn would raise the share of workers with wage paying jobs to between 32 and 36 percent ove the same period (Mckinsey Global Institute,2012, p.3). Unlike natural resource sectors(Mining, Oil and Gas) which make important contributions to goverment revenues, their share of the labour workforce in Sub-Saharan Africa is only 1 percent compared to retail and hospitality which make up 16 percent of the labour force Mckinsey Global Institute,2012, p.4). As illustrated by the above studies, GDPRead MoreBill Clintons Health Care Plan5084 Words   |  21 PagesNational Health Care Plan is, that the polititcal institutions are structurally biased against reform. That means that in the political era, it’s more important to protect minority factions than majority factions. There are two more interesting questions in the case of health care. First, that in the American culture, individualism and egalitarianism are two of the most important values. Considering these two ideas it seems to be that there is a contrast in the American policies, because they didn’tRead MoreCivilization Vs Civilization777 Words   |  4 PagesIn the famous political philosopher Thomas Hobbes’s work Leviathan, He describes man’s natural desire to seek others and establish peace and a working â€Å"goverment† to protect the individual. He states that â€Å"The first and fundamental law of Nature, which is, to seek peace and fol low it† Is the driving force behind the creation of civilized groups. This, with other substantial benefits creates a safe haven for man, where he need not worry about dangers he would be exposed to as a lone wolf. Civilization

Occupational Health and Safety Issues free essay sample

Explain how Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) contributes to managing the human resource environment. Use the research literature to outline and discuss at least two current OHS issues that impact human resource management in contemporary organizations. * * * Occupational health and safety are becoming more and more important in term of human resource management. On one hand, managers need to be familiar with the legal context. On the other hand, they also have to keep in mind a development of strategy to manage occupational health and safety. This essay will discuss some current occupational health and safety issues and how they affect human resource management. Occupational health and safety refers to the physical, physiological and psychological conditions of an organization’s workforce, related to aspects of work and the work context. When setting organization’s goal and strategies, managers may have to take to consider occupational health and safety management as an influencing factor. As countries all over the world are integrating in globalization, the change in economic structure also has influence on the way of doing business. When more and more companies move from state-owned to private ones, they may have their own strategy to manage occupational health and safety which is more suitable for their own goal. China is an example. Before, China’s government has authority and is the one who sets regulations on standard conditions of workplace in state-owned company. Since China opened its market to join the global market, a lot of private companies as well as foreign companies were established. This led to the change in government’s laws and regulations related to occupational health and safety. It has been stated in article of Dara (2003) that government rules through unions and associations that also communicate with organizations through smaller ones. Each organization has its own department to take care the conditions related to workplace (usually human resource department). However, this raises another issue among the society. As reported in researches, the problem related to occupational health and safety is still underestimated. Managers and board directors are still considering the profit and outcomes more important than employees’ wellbeing (Meei-shia, 2003, p. 68). Only high demand of employees or legislation from government can affect management decision on occupational health and safety. This can be seen as one of the reasons for an increasing number of work-related stress as well as other diseases. The modern life with the advantage of new technologies may have result in rising stress at work. It can easily be found on jobs that require long time working and much effort such as professionals, science research and managers. There are several reasons that cause stress in workplace. Poor working conditions, high job demands or physical harassment; all of these can lead to work-related stress. Many studies have shown a same result about the effect of long working hour and high demand of work on level of stress of workers. Moreover, as the labor-force is becoming older, younger workers are decreasing; the task for employees will increase. While the number of old labor increased by 4. 2 million, this number of younger workforce decreased by 0. 7 million (â€Å"New and emerging risks in occupational safety and health†, 2009). This can also lead to a high level of depression. It has been argued that because of lack of experience, skills and training, young workers often have to suffer more risk at work (Marie-Amelie, 2009). A major issue that managers have to take to consider in this perspective is how to train young and new labor-force so they will be aware of their rights and duties regarding health and safety. Problems related to occupational health and safety is differing from industries. Heavy industries often observe higher rate of risk than other industries. For example, a study of Hitomi, Bryan and Xabier (2009) on truck drivers’ occupational accidents has shown a relative high percentage of accidents when working on and around the truck. These include stepping off the edge at height (33. 3%), wrong footing (27. 0%), slipping (44. 1%) and so on. Another occupational health and safety issue is that not only it differs from industries but also differs from types of worker. The world is moving; countries are getting closer and closer. Organizations nowadays tend to do their production offshore because the foreign labor cost is much cheaper than local ones. However, foreign managers, as mentioned earlier, usually care more about the profit than occupational health and safety. Similarly, workers who immigrate have to work in unfavorable conditions than local workers. Reports’ results have shown a remarkable high-risk rate of migrant workers compared to local ones. As immigrants, they have to accept hard works with long hour, high demand and poor conditions in order to earn money for their living. For example, a French study revealed that immigrant workers have to face with more risks at work in compared with local workers (Gliber, as cited in Eusebio, 2009). Besides, they often lack of education and information about occupational health and safety at workplace. Differences in language and culture are too factors prevent them from communications related to occupational health and safety. Since occupational health and safety issues are recognized, it is necessary for managers to think about how to manage it along with organizations’ goal and mission. As mentioned earlier, both government and organization should control occupational health and safety. Government can set the standard conditions while organization can have its own management according to its situation. However, the most important factor that contributes to a successful management of occupational health and safety is employees’ involvement. In the research of workplace conditions in China, Dara and Garrett (2003) has emphasized the important role of employees in occupational health and safety. Employees are people who work and face with risks directly at workplace. They know what type of health and safety problem workers often have as well as how to create an ideal working environment. Having workers’ involvement in occupational health and safety management is the best way to do. Employees themselves should be aware of their role in occupational health and safety issues. It is for their own benefit that they take part in occupational health and safety management. They have the right to raise their voice, to make sure that their rights and obligations are protected. Workers’ participation is also one of many factors contributing to a successful occupational health and safety management. In order to encourage workers to take part in occupational health and safety, it needs to have a strong connection between top manager, supervisors and employees. There is number of organizations have failed in occupational health and safety management as they don’t take to consider worker’ involvement in decision-making. The communication gap between employers and employees is one of many impediments to develop a safety workplace. We are living in a dynamic environment that is changing everyday. The advantages of new technologies help people in many aspects. However, occupational health and safety is still one of the issues that people concern the most when doing business. It is still a controversy about how decision-making can help to create a healthy and safety environment. The responsibility not only belongs to managers but also workers who directly experience the conditions of workplaces. Managers should take to consider the occupational health and safety as a contributor to human resource management therefore have contingency plan in decision-making in order to make occupational health and safety management suitable with organization’s goal.

Screw Compressor

Screw compressors are some type of gas compressors that use two interlocking screws to capture and compress gas. Screw compressors are of two types, the dry running screw compressor, and the oil-flooded screw compressor. Lubricating oil is used in the oil-flooded compressor to facilitate the screwing process. The oil also provides a hydraulic seal that passes energy between the screws.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Screw Compressor specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the dry running compressor, male and the female rotors maintain a special alignment in a timely manner, such that, one screw drives the other to form a continuous rotation of the screws (Bloch and Soares 76). The interaction of the male-female thread traps air, compresses it, and converts it into energy. In both types of screw compressors, the air enters through the suction point; the rotors compress it while they rotate, and it finally gets its wa y out through the outlet as energy. Unlike other compressors that are somewhat noisy, screw compressors are noiseless and they compress air continuously. The first step in operating a dry running screw compressor is ensuring the power unit has a strong cooling system. Two-screw gear units inside the chambers are shaped differently, but in a manner that they interlock perfectly. While rotating, the screws suck and trap air as they rotate from one end. The rotation of the screws reduces the size of the chamber and this facilitates the compression process. As the screws rotate, they push the compressed air forward to the next screw to allow the sucking of new uncompressed air. The highly compressed air forces itself out at the discharge point. Compressors work differently depending on whether they are oil free or oil flooded. There is no oil lubrication in the oil free compressors; thus, the movement of the screws compresses the air without necessarily depending on the oil seal. Such c ompressors do not give high-pressured power. However, there are multistage compressors that give high-pressured power by compressing air at several screw sets. In the first stage, air is compressed into a few bars to become light and extremely hot. The light air will thus moves to the succeeding screw bars easily. Every move of the air makes it extremely hot, and this continues until the air reaches the outlet point. In most case, oil-free compressors are made up of about seven bars. For the oil-flooded compressors, users inject oil into the screws. As the screws rotate, the oil finds its way onto the sealing of the cavities to provide some cooling effect.Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The oil is also useful in capturing particles in the air during the air sanction process. When the compressed gas gets its way into the discharge end, any oil that is present in the air is filt ered and recycled. However, this is not an assurance that the compressed air is free from oil traces. The applications of screw compressors vary from construction to industrial applications. Oil-injected screw compressors are used in industries that require large volumes of compressed air. Moreover, industries that operate high-powered tools would find it worthwhile to use screw compressors to generate the required volumes of compressed air instead of using piston compressors. Contractors can also use oil-injected screw compressors to operate the construction machineries, whereas, the wastewater treatment machineries also find it worthwhile to use such compressors in their process because they consume low power. In the case of medical researches, dry running screw compressors would be of great use. Lobe Compressor A lobe compressor has some similarities with the screw compressors, only that the screws in the screw compressors are replaced with lobes. A lobe compressor has two 8-shap ed profiled lobe blowers. The 8-shaped lobes rotate inside some somewhat oval casings. The lobes are always 900 apart at any instance whenever they are in operation. The distance between the two lobes allows them to hold as much air as possible. During operation, one of the lobes acts as the driver. It obtains is power from external sources while the other lobe relies on it to rotate. The oval casings and the system pressure do not allow the discharged air to came back unless under very small spillages. However, the spillages are negligible, as only small amounts of air would be allowed in case of a slip. With the air coming and going out, there is no change in the volume of the air within the machine. The system’s pressure at a particular time draws in air, compresses it, and lets it out as compressed power. The air across the machinery determines the temperature levels of the discharged air. It is noteworthy that lobe compressors do not require oil lubrications within the l obes. The lobes run for restricted clearances to deliver compressed air that is free from oil spillages.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Screw Compressor specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As discussed, lobe compressors discharge compressed air that is oil free (Stosic, Smith and Kovacevic 69). Therefore, lobe compressors are used in fish hatcheries and aquacultures to support life. They are also useful in meat processing systems as they produce compressed air that is free from harmful chemicals. People have also found lobe compressors useful in the printing and paper converting industries, wastewater treatment industries, and in the environmental remediation systems. Works Cited Bloch, Heinz. A Practical Guide to Compressor Technology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, 2006. Print. Bloch, Heinz, and Claire Soares. Process Plant Machinery. New York: Elsevier Publishing, 2008. Print. Stosic, Nikola, Ian Smith, Ahmed K ovacevic. Screw Compressors: Mathematical Modeling and Performance Calculation. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 2005.Print. This essay on Screw Compressor was written and submitted by user Aaden Combs to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Industrial Relations

Industrial Relations Despite the term ‘Industrial relations’ having been accepted in academic study and the work environment, no succinct definition of the term exists in literature. As (Kelly 50) admits, definition of the term is surprisingly rare, and even where such definitions exist, they are imprecise and disagreeable in specific respects.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite this, (Kelly 52) has gone ahead to define Industrial relations as the â€Å"study of processes of control over work relations.† The definition by Kelly stresses the importance of processes that involve collective organization approaches, and actions by workers. On his part, (Dunlop 4) defines Industrial relations as a â€Å"complex set of phenomena both inside and outside an organization, that determines the relationship between employees and the management†. According to (Dunlo p 4), the concept of industrial relations begun during the industrial revolution era, when the establishment of towns and cities led to the creation of industries, which in turn created job opportunities for the masses. With the emergence of large organizations, the labour market was flooded with workers who were willing to venture into promising job opportunities in the industrial sector. These social changes later gave rise to various workplace issues, which included low wages, long working hours, unfair treatment, and dangerous working environments (Rose 23-51). Since there was little or no interaction between workers and their employers, most of these issues were not noticed by the former, usually leading to widespread discontent among the employees. For employers to appreciate the magnitude of the issues that faced their employees, workers realised that they needed to unite and present their grievances as a unified front. This triggered the development of labour relations, whic h sought to ensure that employees were treated fairly (Bean 14). According to (Wooden 17), the field of industrial relations was traditionally very wide, covering aspects such as human resource management, commerce, workers involvement in decision-making, conflicts in the work place, workers unions, and collective bargaining.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, with the changing trends, industrial relations have diverted its attention to the relationship between parties involved in the production process (Lewer, Lewer Gahan 12).This in turn means that the labour relations’ focus is now intent on ensuring that workers are treated with utmost trust, dignity, and equality. Moreover, industrial relations have enhanced teamwork and cooperation between the stakeholders in the production process. Democracy and decentralization of the industrial relations has been a major breakthrough for the modern labour market. Specifically, workers are now more involved in the decision-making process. According to (Horstman 1), industrial relations have provided workers with the much-needed empowerment, which allows them to air their grievances through the trade unions. Employers have also been empowered and at the same time kept under regulation by the government. This ensures that the capitalists do not take advantage of the expansive labour market but compensate the workers accordingly. Other civil organizations have also been on the forefront to champion for fair treatment and the maintenance of a favourable work environment for the labour market (Cascio and Boudreau 45-58). Why study industrial relations? Studying Industrial relations helps students understand employment relationships better, hence preparing them for the realities of the job environment. The industrial relations course also equips students with knowledge regarding their rights a s future employees, and their obligations as future employers. Specifically, the course helps students to understand and appreciate the importance of every actor in the work force. The course highlights the different distinctive roles played by the employers, employees, the government bodies and nongovernmental organizations that champion for fairness and equality in the work place (Rose 50-71). The course also explains the complex nature of concepts of conflict, conflict resolution, corporation, work polices, and ethics that are to be practiced by both the employers and the employees under the supervision of the government authorities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally, the course highlights important aspects of trade unions, which represent the needs and requirements of the labour market. The course places emphasis on employees’ need to forge a united front when dealing with emerging issues in the work place. By taking up the course, students are able to appreciate the importance and relevance of the labour process. By indulging in the different theories that explain the industrial relations concept, students gain knowledge concerning the work place and governing rules therein. Students also understand how external factors such as politics and social issues affect the complex nature of industrial relations in the workplace. Thus, this course is very important to individuals who have an interest in understanding the origin and trends that have transformed the way organizations engage with their workers. One also gains knowledge about government policies, which have been put in place to ensure that workers and employers foster good industrial relations (Kenneth 23). Key elements in industrial relations Industrial relations have four very important elements that contribute towards the entire concept. (Peart 5) refers to the four elements as the building blocks and the determinant factors in industrial relations. The elements include actors, context, ideology, and rules. Actors These include the management of an organization, employees of the organization who can be represented by the employees union, the government, and other nongovernmental organizations whose core mandate is championing for good industrial relations. For a stable industrial relation, all the actors must be aware of their roles in the system (Kenneth 4). The management is tasked with ensuring that operations are run smoothly and workers are paid their wages in due time. It is also the management’s responsibility to ensure that worker’s compensation is fair, and that their complaints are addressed in good time. Through the Unions, workers air their grievances to the management, and sometimes to the government, while the government and non-governmental institutions have the responsibility of ensuring that organizations me et the required workers relations and follow the laid out policies governing industrial relations (Bean 16).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Context This refers to the driving factors that can influence or constrain the capacity of actors to make a decision that is likely to affect the functioning of the organization. These factors emanate from other parts of the society such as, technological advancement, changes in market trends, and changes in marketing strategies employed to achieve a competitive edge (Peart 6). The contextual factors can affect industrial relations positively or negatively depending on the economic status of the country. This further means that such factors bearing on the budgetary allocations of a given organization, and the returns from the targeted market. Politics is one such contextual factor, which has a major influence in decision-making and championing causes adopted by an organization. Further, politics affects the status of the labour market. This is because politics of a country dictates the extent of political influence in the society and the power associated with such an influence. Ideo logies These are beliefs or cultures within the system that define the role of the different actors involved in industrial relations (Peart 19). Beliefs define how the different actors in industrial relations perceive individual, and each-other’s roles (Kenneth 12). Based on such perceptions, positive or negative industrial relations might emerge. If the relations are positive, then this implies that actors’ perceptions are in line with the industrial relations while the reverse is true (Peart 19). Rules This refers to the guiding principles formulated through various processes and presented differently by different organizations within the labour market. The rules define the terms and nature of the industrial relations to be conducted by the labour market as they associate with the capital providers. If the rules are stringent then negative industrial relations are likely to emerge, as different actors will always present a different understanding and interpretation o f the rules. For a positive industrial relation to be fostered, stipulated rules should be stated clearly. Industrial relations theories Different scholars have come up with various theories in a bid to explain the industrial relations concept. In literature, three major theories dominate the industrial relations debate. These theories are contrasting in nature in their quest to explain workers relations, rules of engagement in the work place and the role of workers union. The three theories include unitary, radical and pluralism theories (Bean 16). Unitary theory According to (Peart 28) this theory portrays one happy family. It is a more integrated system that depicts a harmonious working environment for both the employers and employees. Loyalty is a major component in this system as both the employers and employees are believed to be in a mutual relationship. In a system based on the unitary theory, not much significance is paid to the role of a workers union. As such, employees d o not need to be represented by the unions as the trust created is immense and does not anticipate any conflicts. Further the system views conflicts as small misunderstandings or breakdown of information. (Dunlop 34) describes this system as an integrated grouping that shares common values, interests and objectives. Authority and control is bestowed on the employer. (Peart 28) argues that this system is irrational as employees are taken advantage of due to lack of representation. This happens because the presence of Labour Unions is considered intrusive and can only be accepted if the employees force their way and establish a union while disregarding the rules of the organization. (Peart 29) states that conflict resolution in such a system uses a more coercive approach as all the powers of implementing rules and looking into solving employees issues are placed under the authority of the employer. The theory creates an illusion that all parties to the organization share a common goal and speak a common language of solidity while those who are against such a system are viewed as outsiders, unreasonable and an impediment to achieving the organizational goals. Such a system is more of an individualistic approach that undermines the role of workers in an organization and overlooks the importance of addressing employee’s issues amicably through an identified body that represents the demand of the employees. This type of system is mostly used in a capitalist society (Bean 17). Pluralism theory (Bean 18) views this theory as a democratic approach to industrial relations, since both the employer and the employee treats the organization as a community, made up of subgroups under different regimes of leadership. The subgroups include the management and the workers union. In pluralism-based systems, the subgroups have divergent views and objectives, depending on their roles in the larger organisation. Trade unions are highly advocated for and termed as the agents o f change and the link between the workers and the management. Conflict resolution in this system involves negotiation between the subgroups as employees have an added advantage of bargaining as compared to the unitary approach (Peart 32). Through collective bargaining, the workers and the management are able to come up with a mutual understanding as to how things should be done in the organization (Bean 19).The bargaining process involves agreeing on a particular issue after the involved parties have tabled their proposals, which are debated for, and against upon which a mutual agreement is reached. (Peart 32) asserts that such a system is prone to come up with applicable rules that do not undermine the existence, function, and role of either party. It is more of an agreement pact. (Peart 33) explains that this system approaches a rational tactic towards conflict resolution, since it is based on a ‘very’ practical theory that avoids the acceleration of conflicts in the work place thus reducing the probability of the emergence of workers strikes. Compromise is the main strategy adapted as both parties have a say and after consultations, the best and most practical solution is adapted. In such a system, employees feel represented and are free to air their grievances to the management with the anticipation of getting a positive feedback or change after consultations with the trade unions. This system is evident in post capitalism organizations that are determined to deal with employees grievances and dissatisfaction, since they understand that employees are major assets to the competitive performance of their businesses (Bean 20). Marxism/ radical theory According to (Peart 34) systems based on the Marxist/radical theory are well represented in capitalism systems where the interests of the labour and capital are divergent. This is attributed to the fact that this system brings forth the greatest wealth differences as the gap between the rich capitali sts and the poor labourers is huge thus leading to inequalities and oppression of workers. Notably, the oppressed poor find reprieve in the trade unions’ willingness to ‘fight’ on their behalf. As such, the trade unions have a responsibility to ensure that the workers’ wages are commensurate with their labour input; that the work environment is favourable; that there is no oppression (gender or otherwise) in the workplace; and that every worker receives fair treatment from the employer. To survive in the contemporary capitalist environment however, (Bean 24) notes that industrial relations have to change accordingly. The change is essential if Unions are to match the new capitalistic dynamics, which are conspicuously different from what was the norm in the traditional trade unions. For example, globalization has diversified the employment sector meaning that not all employees (especially considering their cultural differences) may value trade union members hip. The radical system is prone to rampant conflicts as workers are always in a battle with management to express their resentment of the way the management perceives their role and contribution to the development of the company. (Bean 24) asserts that trade unions in this system are a necessary tool for the workers, especially in a system where anyone is dispensable. The unions therefore act to shield workers from unfair dismissal. More importantly, trade unions are tasked with ensuring that they develop cohesive units that will outcast the authoritarian rules with the intention of advocating for change. The trade unions are also tasked with mobilizing the employees to support a given agenda, which they feel is necessary for the advancement of employees’ position in the labour market. Such actions help Unions to acquire some power mileage, which is necessary for advocacy purposes (Rose 63). A system based on the radical theory advocates for the existence of trade unions bec ause of rampant conflicts associated with the system (Rose 63-68). In such a system, reaching an agreement can be a daunting task. As such, employees have to push their way through regardless of the consistency of their claims. The system is also characterized by poor industrial relations with workers being subjected to low wages, poor working conditions and poor living standards while on the other side the capitalist reap maximum benefits from the employees input in the production process, which translates to high lifestyles integral to the living standards of the work force (Peart 36). Another reason for studying this system is based on the controversy that has been generated over the years. Focusing on Australians for example, it is noteworthy that certain groups criticize the system, while others proclaim the achievement of the labour market towards decentralizing the system. (Kenneth 5) argues that although the Australian government has put emphasis on regulating and monitoring the industrial relations, the practicality of the system is controversial as the system empowers the capitalists to maximize on capital returns at the expense of the labour market. This is contrary to what (Kennedy 5) refers to as the voluntary system utilized in the United States of America where minimum regulation is conducted but the practically of the system is felt by the labour force. The arbitrary system makes it difficult for one to understand industrial relations in Australia. As such, there is a need to examine the system from a wider perspective. In the past, policy makers generalized the whole concept as a government driven projected for resolving industrial relations issues. Both the public and private enterprises characterize the Australian labour market. Notably, the two sets of enterprises have a different way of articulating the industrial relations regulations thus creating disparities in the general market. Specifically, the disparities noted in the federal gover nment and the six states concerning the regulation of industrial relations rules make the topic an interesting avenue for scholars who would like to research on the influence of politics in the labour market (Kenneth 7-12). The Australian Industrial relations for the past two decades Calls for reform have been the major political and economic debates of Australia concerning the industrial work relation in the Australia labour market. The late 1980s saw the introduction of the collective bargaining strategy during the Hawke government (Wooden 60). Around this time, the emphasis of the trade unions was also very vital as through the trade unions more cooperation was achieved with trade unions pushing for the decentralization of the industrial relations system (Wooden 60). Major changes in the 1990s brought about the inclusion of individualism in industrial relations, and a reduction of the involvement of the trade unions in the workplace. These radical changes were introduced in Austr alia under the Howard coalition government (Wooden 60). Critics have come out to dismiss the changes. However, this is contrary to the early 1990s where the labour government allowed the introduction of non-union agreements in the work place. In 1996, the Liberal National party fostered a radical change in the work place, which was characterized by lack of collaboration with the trade unions and giving more power to the employers rather than concentrating on collaborative measures between the employers and the employees. This resulted to compulsory arbitrations enforced by the Australian industrial relations commission leading to the emergence of a decentralized system. According to (Wooden 65-76), the decentralized system was more functional and fair to both the employers and employees as compared to the previous centralized system where the capital providers had all the decision-making powers. In the recent past, the government has established a national work place relations syste m that is in line with the constitution. The current system favours fair pay and appropriate working conditions by setting out the minimum wages that an employer can pay his employees. Motivation through awards is highly recommended as workplace agreements are supposed to work in favour of both parties. Collective bargaining, safety, and the right for association and formation of trade unions are the key driving components of the current situation of the Australian labour market. Bean, Ron. Comparative Industrial Relations: An Introduction To Cross National Perspectives. London: Thomson publishers, 2004. Print. Cascio, Wayne, Boudreau, John. Investing in People: Financial Impact of Human Resource Initiatives. 2nd Ed. Prentice Hall: Pearson, 2010. Print. Dunlop, John. Industrial Relations Systems. Cambridge: Harvard Business School Press, 1993.Print Horstman, Bob. â€Å"Decentralized and Deregulated Australian Industrial Relations: The effects on HRM and IR in Small Enterprises.â⠂¬  Employee Relations 21.3 (1999): 1-10. Kelly, John E. Industrial Relations: Approaches to Industrial Relations and Trends in National Systems. New York: Routledge, 2002. Print Kenneth, Frederick W. Australian Industrial Relations Systems. London: Oxford press, 1990. Print. Lewer, Alexander and Gahan, P. Understanding Australian Industrial Relations. 7th ed. Melbourne: Cengage Learning, 2006. Print. Peart, Michael J. Industrial Relations: A Textbook. London: Croom Helm, 1982. Print Rose, Ed. Employment Relations. Prentice Hall: Pearson, 2008. Print. Wooden, Mark. The Transformation of Australian Industrial Relations. Sydney: Federation press, 2000. Print.

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution - Essay Example On August 02, 1964, â€Å"the destroyer ship Maddox, headed by Captain John Herrick (Operational Control), was cruising offshore in the international shores when North Vietnamese (NV) tried to approach it by dispatching soviet-built P-4 fast patrol torpedo boats (PTFs). Torpedoes were launched from North Vietnamese PTFs. Maddox retaliated with the support of F-8 Crusader jets that strafed all the NV PTFs (Hickman, K-a.,n.d.). The second attack occurred on August 04, 1964. Given the 1st reported attack, the U.S. was not in the position to ignore NV attacks. In fact, immediately the US reinforced Maddox with another destroyer USS Turner Joy (DD 951). On the night of August 04, the U.S. warships reported having made contact with North Vietnamese naval forces whom they claimed attacked these 2 destroyer ships (Hickman-a, n.d). â€Å"In response to these alleged attacks, the U.S. through the 7th Fleet carriers, Ticonderoga and USS Constellation (CVA64), launched retaliatory strikes against North Vietnam that destroyed an oil storage facility and damaged an enemy naval vessels† (Natasi, 2001). U.S. through Johnson proposed the passage of a joint resolution with Congress (H.J. RES 1145) dated August 07, 1964, known as the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, described as the Southeast Asia Resolution, Public Law 88-408 which granted powers to President Lyndon Johnson to escalate U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War without a declaration of war. (Hickman, K-b.,n.d.), (â€Å"Tonkin Gulf Resolution†, n.d.) and (â€Å" Gulf of Tonkin Resolution†, n.d.). â€Å"The controversy about the Gulf of Tonkin incident came out after 40 years later when National Security Agency (NSA) declassified and released this material to the public†.

What is SOW Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is SOW - Coursework Example This has therefore called for the development of the process that will be involved in the project. This statement of work will therefore outline the objectives that will be followed, the scope of the project and the deliverables of the project. The process of centralizing the scheduling process in ACME Development Corporation is so that it brings efficiency in the management process of the whole process. The purpose of this project is to implement a central scheduling system that will enable the project managers who are located in the various parts of the US working for ADC to schedule projects in uniformly. Currently, the scheduling software is installed in individual machines for each project manager. The corporation therefore spends more resources in installing and managing the scheduling systems for each individual project manager. The project will be guided by the following objectives: This project will entail getting an online scheduling system that will be used by ADC in its operations. There are project managers each using their own scheduling software. There is therefore a need to centralize scheduling. There is the contracting of the tasks. Selecting one contact that fit ACME Development Corporation (ADC) needs would be impossible for this project. The selection the right contract for that task and then integrating the combination of contracts to make one they will meet ADC goal to standardize with one single project-scheduling tool and to have the tool installed and be operational within 90 days. To this end, the company is forming a central project management office (PMO) (Brotherton, Fried, & Norman, 2008).   for this type of work I would engage in a service contract which will specify the specifications of the software in question and the work that needs to be done by the technicians. The fixed price at cost contract would make most sense here. This would evidently come out with the right clauses to ensure that the